The 1619 Project

From Armed Conflict Location & Event Data

From The National Archives

From Code Switch (podcast)

Contronting the Legacy of Racial Terror from the Equal Justice Initiative

Bogel-Burroughs, N. (2021). Prosecutors say Derek Chauvin knelt on George Floyd for 9 minutes 29 seconds, longer than initially reported. New York Times (Online).

Norris, M. L. (2020). How Amy Cooper and George Floyd represent two versions of racism that black Americans face every day. The Washington Post.

Beckett, L. (2020). Nearly all Black Lives Matter protests are peaceful despite Trump narrative, report finds. The Guardian (London).

Baker, M., Fuller, T., & Olmos, S. (2020). Federal Agents Push Into Portland Streets, Stretching Limits of Their Authority. New York Times (Online).

McGreal, C. (2020). Federal agents show stronger force at Portland protests despite order to withdraw. The Guardian (London).

Litke, E. (2020). Fact check: Police gave Kyle Rittenhouse water and thanked him before shooting. USA Today.Com.

Reichel, P. L. (1988). Southern Slave Patrols As A Transitional Police Type. American Journal of Police, 7(2), 51-.

by Jill Lepore, The New Yorker, 2020

Horne, G. (2015). The Haitian Revolution and the Central Question of African American History. The Journal of African American History, 100(1), 26–58. https://doi.org/10.5323/jafriamerhist.100.1.0026

Egerton, D. R. (1990). Gabriel’s Conspiracy and the Election of 1800. The Journal of Southern History, 56(2), 191–214. https://doi.org/10.2307/2210231

Spady, J. O. N. (2011). Power and Confession: On the Credibility of the Earliest Reports of the Denmark Vesey Slave Conspiracy. The William and Mary Quarterly, 68(2), 287–304. https://doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.68.2.0287

Johnson, M. P. (2001). Denmark Vesey and His Co-Conspirators. The William and Mary Quarterly, 58(4), 915–976. https://doi.org/10.2307/2674506

Ralph, L. (2019). The logic of the slave patrol: the fantasy of black predatory violence and the use of force by the police. Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 5(1), 130-. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0333-7

Durr, M. (2015). What is the Difference between Slave Patrols and Modern Day Policing? Institutional Violence in a Community of Color. Critical Sociology, 41(6), 873–879. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920515594766

W. E. Burghardt Du Bois. (1910). Reconstruction and its Benefits. The American Historical Review, 15(4), 781–799. https://doi.org/10.2307/1836959

Crain, C. (2020). City Limits. New Yorker, 96(10), 67–71.

Weaver, V. M. (2007). Frontlash: Race and the Development of Punitive Crime Policy. Studies in American Political Development, 21(2), 230–265. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898588X07000211

Longley, K. (2020). Our leaders can look to Lyndon Johnson to see how to minimize damage today. The Washington Post.

Long, H., & Van Dam, A. (2020). The black-white economic divide is as wide as it was in 1968. The Washington Post.

Hinton, E., Kohler-Hausmann, J., & Weaver, V. M. (2016). Did Blacks Really Endorse the 1994 Crime Bill? New York Times (Online).